COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: 2014

Tuesday, 30 December 2014

Dynamometer

A dynamometer or "dyno" for short, is a device for measuring force, torque, or power. For example, the power produced by an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover can be calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and rotational speed (RPM).
A dynamometer can also be used to determine the torque and power required to operate a driven machine such as a pump. In that case, a motoring or driving dynamometer is used. A dynamometer that is designed to be driven is called an absorption or passive dynamometer. A dynamometer that can either drive or absorb is called a universal or active dynamometer.

A dynamometer or “dyno” for short, is a device for measuring force, moment of force (torque), or power. For example, the power produced by an engine, motor or other rotating prime mover can be calculated by simultaneously measuring torque and rotational speed (rpm).
A dynamometer can also be used to determine the torque and power required to operate a driven machine such as a pump. In that case, a motoring or driving dynamometer is used. A dynamometer that is designed to be driven is called an absorption or passive dynamometer. A dynamometer that can either drive or absorb is called a universal or active dynamometer.
- See more at: http://blog.setra.com/test-and-measurement-dynamometer/2013/02/06#sthash.O33YiVsV.dpuf

galvanometer TO voltmeter AND ammeter conversion

galvanometer

A galvanometer is a type of sensitive ammeter: an instrument for detecting electric current. It is an analog electromechanical actuator that produces a rotary deflection of some type of pointer in response to electric current through its coil in a magnetic field

D'Arsonval/Weston galvanometer movement - with the moving coil

shown in orange

Galvanometer to Voltmeter Conversion

Now our interest is to convert a galvanometer to voltmeter to measure the potential difference across any component in a circuit. This can be done by adding a suitable high resistance in series with galvanometer. When high resistance is connect in series with the galvanometer, very negligible current flow through it.

The figure show a galvanometer G connected in series with high resistor R across a component in the circuit. We are interested to know the potential difference

Δ V across the component. If I is the maximum current through the galvanometer then according ohms law

Δ V = (R +G) I.

Here R is the resistance that is connected in series with galvanometer resistance G. From the above equation

(R +G) =

ΔVI

Resistance that is to be connected in series is
R =

ΔVI - G

Now we will decide what would be the value of the resistance that is connected in series with the galvanometer. Let’s say we need a voltmeter of to measure voltage between 0 -10V, and we have galvanometer specifying that its resistance is 20ohms and maximum permissible current is 0.1mA.

R =

10V0.1×10−3 - 20

Ω
= 99980

≃ 100k

ω.

The high resistance needed is

≃ 100k

Ω. We can build any range of voltmeter by suitable high resistance in series to the galvanometer.

CONVERSION OF GALVANOMETER INTO AMMETER
Since Galvanometer is a very sensitive instrument therefore it can’t measure heavy currents. In order to convert a Galvanometer into an Ammeter, a very low resistance known as "shunt" resistance is connected in parallel to Galvanometer. Value of shunt is so adjusted that most of the current passes through the shunt. In this way a Galvanometer is converted into Ammeter and can measure heavy currents without fully deflected.
VALUE OF SHUNT RESISTANCE
Let resistance of galvanometer = R_g and it gives full-scale deflection when current I_g is passed through it. Then,
V_g = I_gR_g -------(i)
Let a shunt of resistance (R_s) is connected in parallel to galvanometer. If total current through the circuit is I.

Then current through shunt:
I_s = (I-I_g)
potential difference across the shunt:
V_s= I_sR_s
or V_s = (I – I_g)R_s -------(ii)
But
V_s=V_g (I - I_g)R_s = I_gR_g

Friday, 21 November 2014

The meaning of respondent

Respondent

Noun
1.
LAW
a party against whom a petition is filed, especially one in an appeal or a divorce case.
2.
a person who replies to something, especially one supplying information for a questionnaire or responding to an advertisement.
"out of the many thousands of respondents to our questionnaire, under a fifth were full-time housewives"
adjective

Adjective: respondent
1.
LAW
in the position of a party defending against a petition.
"the respondent defendant"
2.
replying to something.
"the respondent firms in the survey"

Tuesday, 4 November 2014

The Heart of processor

The Heart of
                    processor
                                     is
                                          KNOWN AS
                                                                  ALU.

Logical OR

Logical OR:
                     The output would be
                                         1
                                           if any input is 1.

In other words,
                         the output would be
                                                         0
                                                             if both the inputs are 0.

Logical AND

AND: In logical AND , if both the inputs are 1 then output is always 1, else it is 0.

Thursday, 25 September 2014

The cast of zero in a String

Que. Let a string 1111 Tell the no. of zeros in above string?The no. of zeros is even or odd?

Ans : The no. of zeros is zero(शून्य ) in the above string and zeros are even in the above String.

Wednesday, 10 September 2014

Google Drive Viewer

Microsoft Academic Search

Security Vulnerabilities of User Authentication Scheme Using Smart Card - Springer

Improvement of the secure dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme for multi-server environment

An efficient and complete remote user authentication scheme using smart cards

博碩士論文 etd-0113110-001950 詳細資訊

Monday, 8 September 2014

www.isac.gov.in/CentralBE-2014/advt.jsp

National Remote Sensing Centre

Monday, 1 September 2014

An Efficient and Secure ID-based Remote User Authentication Scheme using Smart Card

GrPssw

COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Samagra Pension Portal : VPP

COMPUTER SCIENCE & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: Samagra Pension Portal : VPP: Samagra Pension Portal : VPP

Samagra Pension Portal : VPP

Saturday, 30 August 2014

Remote User Authentication Scheme in Multi-Server Environment Using Smart Card - TechRepublic

IEEE Xplore Abstract (Similar) - A remote user authentication scheme using smart cards with forward secrecy

Cryptanalysis and security enhancement of a ‘more efficient & secure dynamic ID-based remote user authentication scheme’ - ResearchGate

cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/35254/InTechA_remote_user_authentication_scheme_with_anonymity_for_mobile_devices.pdf

Tuesday, 26 August 2014

www.ijcaonline.org/journal/number8/pxc387325.pdf

research.nchu.edu.tw/upfiles/ADUpload/oc_downmul2327265664.pdf

www.wseas.us/e-library/transactions/information/2010/42-215.pdf

Security Analysis and Enhancements of an Effective Biometric-Based Remote User Authentication Scheme Using Smart Cards

Network Security Essentials (Applications and Standards) by William Stallings, Pearson Education

www.fi.muni.cz/usr/gruska/crypto11/crypto_11.pdf

clam.rutgers.edu/~birget/grPssw/venice.pdf

www.technicaljournalsonline.com/jers/VOL II/JERS VOL II ISSUE IV OCTOBER DECEMBER 2011/ARTICLE 42 JERS VOLII ISSUE IV OCT DEC 2011.pdf

paper.ijcsns.org/07_book/201307/20130702.pdf

Rsa encryption definition by Babylon’s free dictionary

ECE 478 - Network Security4 - Oregon State Study Resources

PDF to Word Converter - 100% Free

Monday, 25 August 2014

www.deic.uab.es/material/26118-capitol1.pdf

Cryptography and Network Security « Meherchilakalapudi, writes for u..!

Remote User Authentication Scheme in Multi-Server Environment Using Smart Card - TechRepublic

Friday, 22 August 2014

meherchilakalapudi.wordpress.com/2011/09/07/cryptography-and-network-security/

www.niuniv.com/NIUWeb/qbank/EVEN SEM/M.Sc IT/XCS 020.pdf

The Network Security And Cryptography Information Technology Essay

Cryptography

Virtual Learning - Online MCA

The Electronic Frontier Foundation

What Are The Essential Ingredients Of A Symmetric Cipher? - Blurtit

IP Security - The Internet Protocol Journal - Volume 3, No. 1 - Cisco Systems

www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/~sourav/lecture_note8.pdf

Monday, 18 August 2014

IJCA - Remote User Authentication Scheme in Multi-server Environment using Smart Card

Section 2.1. Symmetric Cipher Model - Cryptography and Network Security (4th Edition)

Rsa Public Key - Term Paper - Nachiket777

1.2.10 Knapsack Problem

p18 1_doc_Free Document Search

Cryptography and Network Security—The basics—Part I | EDN

Saturday, 16 August 2014

National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning

National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning

This is the program which is useful to all the technocrats!!!!

Thursday, 7 August 2014

Single SIM Multi Recharge

Wednesday, 6 August 2014

Java (programming language) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Monday, 4 August 2014

Java Applets and Applications

Applets and Applications

Java applications fall into two main groups: applets and applications.

Applets, as you have learned, are Java programs that are downloaded over the World Wide Web and executed by a Web browser on the reader’s machine. Applets depend on a Java-capable browser in order to run (although they can also be viewed using a tool called the appletviewer.

Java applications are more general programs written in the Java language. Java applications don’t require a browser to run, and in fact, Java can be used to create most other kinds of applications that you would normally use a more conventional programming language to create.

HotJava itself is a Java application.

A single Java program can be an applet or an application or both, depending on how you write that program and the capabilities that program uses. Throughout this lecture, you’ll be writing mostly HotJava applications; then you’ll apply what you’ve learned to write applets in next lecture. If you’re eager to get started with applets, be patient. Everything that you learn while you’re creating simple Java applications will apply to creating applets, and it’s easier to start with the basics before moving onto the hard stuff. You’ll be creating plenty of applets in next lectures.

Creating a Java Application

Let’s start by creating a simple Java application: the classic Hello World example that all language books use to begin.

As with all programming languages, your Java source files are created in a plain text editor, or in an editor that can save files in plain ASCII without any formatting characters. On Unix, emacs, ped, or vi will work; on Windows, Notepad or DOS Edit are both text editors.

Fire up your editor of choice, and enter the Java program shown in Listing 1.1. Type this program, as shown, in your text editor. Be careful that all the parentheses, braces, and quotes are there.

Listing 1.1. Your first Java application.

1: class HelloWorld {

2: public static void main (String args[]) {

3: System.out.println(“Hello World!”);

4: }

5: }

!! Warning: The numbers before each line are part of the listing and not part of the program; they’re there so I can refer to specific line numbers when I explain what’s going on in the program. Do not include them in your own file.

This program has two main parts:

All the program is enclosed in a class definition—here, a class called HelloWorld. The body of the program (here, just the one line) is contained in a routine called main(). In Java applications, as in a C or C++ program, main() is the first routine that is run when the program is executed. You’ll learn more about both these parts of a Java application as the class progresses.

Once you finish typing the program, save the file. Conventionally, Java source files are named the same name as the class they define, with an extension of .java. This file should therefore be called HelloWorld.java.

Now, let’s compile the source file using the Java compiler. In Sun’s JDK, the Java compiler is called javac.

To compile your Java program, Make sure the javac program is in your execution path and type javac followed by the name of your source file: javac HelloWorld.java

Note: In these examples, and in all the examples throughout these lectures, we’ll be using Sun’s Java compiler, part of the JDK. If you have a third-party development environment, check with the documentation for that program to see how to compile your Java programs.

The compiler should compile the file without any errors. If you get errors, go back and make sure that you’ve typed the program exactly as it appears in Listing 1.1.

When the program compiles without errors, you end up with a file called HelloWorld.class, in the same directory as your source file. This is your Java bytecode file. You can then run that bytecode file using the Java interpreter. In the JDK, the Java interpreter is called simply java.

Make sure the java program is in your path and type java followed by the name of the file without the .class extension: java HelloWorld

Analysis

If your program was typed and compiled correctly, you should get the string “Hello World!” printed to your screen as a response.

Note: Remember, the Java compiler and the Java interpreter are different things. You use the Java compiler (javac) for your Java source files to create .class files, and you use the Java interpreter (java)to actually run your class files.

Creating a Java Applet

Creating applets is different from creating a simple application, because Java applets run and are displayed inside a Web page with other page elements and as such have special rules for how they behave. Because of these special rules for applets in many cases (particularly the simple ones), creating an applet may be more complex than creating an application.

For example, to do a simple Hello World applet, instead of merely being able to print a message, you have to create an applet to make space for your message and then use graphics operations to paint the message to the screen.

Note: Actually, if you run the Hello World application as an applet, the Hello World message prints to a special window or to a log file, depending on how the browser has screen messages set up. It will not appear on the screen unless you write your applet to put it there.

In the next example, you create that simple Hello World applet, place it inside a Web page, and view the result.

First, you set up an environment so that your Java-capable browser can find your HTML files and your applets. Much of the time, you’ll keep your HTML files and your applet code in the same directory. Although this isn’t required, it makes it easier to keep track of each element. In this example, you use a directory called HTML that contains all the files you’ll need.

mkdir HTML

Thursday, 24 July 2014

Application programming interface (API)

In computer programming, an application programming interface (API) specifies how some software components should interact with each other.

In addition to accessing databases or computer hardware, such as hard disk drives or video cards, an API can be used to ease the work of programming graphical user interface components.

In practice, many times an API comes in the form of a library that includes specifications for routines, data structures, object classes, and variables. In some other cases, notably for SOAP and REST services, an API comes as just a specification of remote calls exposed to the API consumers.

An API specification can take many forms such as,

including an International Standard such as POSIX, vendor documentation such as the Microsoft Windows API, the libraries of a programming language, e.g., Standard Template Library in C++ or Java API.

Web APIs are also a vital component of today's web fabric. An API differs from an application binary interface (ABI) in that an API is source code based while an ABI is a binary interface. For instance POSIX is an API, while the Linux Standard Base is an ABI.

Java Applications Programming Interface (API)

There are 3 types of Java Programming Language Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)

Ø First, the official core Java API, contained in the JDK or JRE, of one of the editions of the Java Platform.

Ø Secondly, optional official APIs that can be downloaded separately.

The specification of these APIs are defined according to a Java Specification Request (JSR), and sometimes some of these APIs are later included in the core APIs of the platform (the most notable example of this kind is Swing).

Ø And third one, unofficial APIs, developed by third parties, but not related to any JSRs.

Third parties can freely implement any JSR specifications for an official API (even for the core API of the language), providing that they conform to the Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK) for this JSR (the TCK is a suite of tests that checks conformance of implementations for a JSR). The result of this freedom is that many official APIs have more implementations than the Sun's Reference implementation (RI).

The following is a partial list of Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) for the Java Programming Language.

1 Official APIs

o 1.1 Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)

o 1.2 Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

§ 1.2.1 Bundled APIs (part of standard download)

§ 1.2.2 Optional APIs (downloaded separately)

o 1.3 Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)

· 2 Unofficial APIs (Released by third parties)

Official APIs

Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE)

Name	Acronym	Description and Version History
Java Advanced Imaging	JAI	A set of interfaces that support a high-level programming model allowing to manipulate images easily.
Java Data Objects	JDO	A specification of Java object persistence.
JavaHelp		A full-featured, extensible help system that enables you to incorporate online help in applets, components, applications, operating systems, and devices.
Java Media Framework	JMF	An API that enables audio, video and other time-based media to be added to Java applications and applets.
Java Naming and Directory Interface	JNDI	An API for directory services.
Java Speech API	JSAPI	This API allows for speech synthesis and speech recognition.
Java 3D	J3D	A scene graph-based 3D API.
Java OpenGL	JOGL	A wrapper library for OpenGL.
Java USB for Windows	(none)	A USB communication of Java applications

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)

Bundled APIs (part of standard download)

Name	Acronym	Java package(s) that contain the API
JavaBeans Activation Framework	JAF	javax.activation
JavaMail	(none)	javax.mail
Java Message Service	JMS	javax.jms
JavaServer Faces	JSF	javax.faces

Optional APIs (downloaded separately)

Name	Acronym	Available from
Java API for XML-Based RPC	JAX-RPC
XQuery API for Java	XQJ

Java Platform, Micro Edition (Java ME)

Name	Acronym	Available from
Guru Hari	CLDC
Ravi Teja

Unofficial APIs (Released by third parties)

This list is very incomplete, as the number of APIs available for the Java platform is overwhelming.

Rich Client Platforms

· Eclipse Rich Client Platform (RCP)

· NetBeans Platform

Office_compliant libraries

· Apache POI

Compression

· LZMA SDK, the Java implementation of the SDK used by the popular 7-Zip file archive software

Game engines

· Slick

· jMonkey Engine

· JPCT Engine

· LWJGL

Real-time libraries

· Javolution

Windowing libraries

· Standard Widget Toolkit (SWT)

Physics Libraries

· JBox2D

· JBullet

FOOT NOTE

The three editions of the Java Platform are

1. Java ME (Micro edition),

2. Java SE (Standard edition), and

3. Java EE (Enterprise edition).

What is SOAP?

SOAP stands for Simple Object Access Protocol
SOAP is a communication protocol
SOAP is for communication between applications
SOAP is a format for sending messages
SOAP communicates via Internet
SOAP is platform independent
SOAP is language independent
SOAP is based on XML
SOAP is simple and extensible
SOAP allows you to get around firewalls

REST services

Representational state transfer (REST) is an abstraction of the architecture of the World Wide Web. More precisely, REST is an architectural style consisting of a coordinated set of architectural constraints applied to components, connectors, and data elements, within a distributed hypermedia system. REST ignores the details of component implementation and protocol syntax in order to focus on the roles of components, the constraints upon their interaction with other components, and their interpretation of significant data elements.

The term representational state transfer was introduced and defined in 2000 by Roy Fielding in his doctoral dissertation at UC Irvine. REST has been applied to describe desired web architecture, to identify existing problems, to compare alternative solutions and to ensure that protocol extensions would not violate the core constraints that make the web successful. Fielding used REST to design HTTP 1.1 and Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI).

POSIX is an API,

while the Linux Standard Base is an ABI.

Java Specification Request (JSR),

Technology Compatibility Kit (TCK)